At the time of the independence of India in 1947, the province of Bengal was partitioned between India and East Pakistan, part of the Muslim-majority state of Pakistan. Bengali Hindus were at the forefront of the Bengal Renaissance in the 19th century, the Bengal region was noted for its participation in the struggle for independence from the British rule. During the Pala period (8th – 11th century) the Bengali culture developed into a distinct culture, within the civilisation. Īround the 8th century, the Bengali language branched off from Magadhi Prakrit, a derivative of Sanskrit that was prevalent in the eastern region of the Indian Subcontinent at that time. According to the census in 1881, 12.81 percent of Bengali Hindus belonged to the upper castes. There are significant numbers of Bengali-speaking Hindus in different Indian states. Bengali Hindus speak Bengali, which belongs to the Indo-Aryan language family and adhere Vaishnavism ( Gaudiya Vaishnavism and Vaishnava-Sahajiya) and Shaktism of their native religion Hinduism with some regional deities. They are adherents of Hinduism and are native to the Bengal region in the eastern part of the Indian subcontinent. In Bangladesh, they form the largest minority. Bengali Hindus ( Bengali: বাঙ্গালী হিন্দু, romanized: Bāṅgāli hindu) are an ethnoreligious population who make up the majority in the Indian states of West Bengal, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Tripura and Assam's Barak Valley region.
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